Back to Profile

David Schwartz Quotes

50 curated quotes from the co-creator of the XRP Ledger on decentralization, consensus, institutional adoption, and the future of blockchain.

Decentralization

Ripple's relationship to XRPL

"By far the biggest misconception is that Ripple somehow controls the ledger. It's a public blockchain. Every node enforces every rule."

Debunking XRP MythsFeatured

"We would love for everybody to trust us completely, but people having to trust us is all downside to us... We wouldn't want to be able to censor transactions because then people could pressure us to censor transactions."

Decrypt2025

"The XRP ledger has been running since 2012 with a global set of validators. Many, most of them are not affiliated with Ripple at all. We run something like 1% of the network."

Decrypt2025

"Ripple is a company and Ripple holds a significant amount of XRP. The XRP ledger is decentralized. Ripple has no legal right to control it and no ability to control it."

CB Insights~2019

"We need our competitors to succeed. We need the ecosystem to succeed. Ripple's not going to build that ecosystem single-handedly."

CB Insights~2019

Validators & Consensus

How XRPL achieves agreement

"The only reason we need validators is to solve the double spend problem... Validators can't lie or distort or cheat because if they did, all the nodes would just say 'I don't understand what this is' and throw it away."

Debunking XRP MythsFeatured

"If I wanted to control the network and take over all the XRP or change the rules in some unfair way, I have to get people to run that code. And that's the ultimate governance mechanism."

Decrypt2025

"I still think the best incentive is no incentive for block production specifically... it creates artificial conflict inside the ecosystem and can cause a race to the bottom like you see with mining."

Apex 20242024

"The double spend problem is this simple: if I have one unit of a digital asset, I have to be able to create a transaction that transfers it to Alice, and one that transfers it to Bob. Both are valid. But if we disagree over which one to execute, we have a problem."

Boot Camp2024

"Imagine there's two doors to the room. I challenge all of you to walk out the same door. Somebody has to commit first. When they commit, everybody else could still walk out the other door. That's the proof that consensus can never be 100% reliable."

Boot Camp2024

Network Reliability

The anti-robustness principle

"We very specifically rejected the robustness principle from day one. We adopted an anti-robustness principle and we said if anything seems like it might be broken, stop."

Debunking XRP MythsFeatured

"Once a year, Bitcoin goes an hour without producing a block. So by our standards, the Bitcoin blockchain is down most of the time."

Decrypt2025

"You can make consensus more reliable only by making it slower. If you only have a network level disruption one out of every 2,000 ledgers, how much slower would you be willing to make every single ledger to reduce that even lower?"

Boot Camp2024

Institutional Adoption

Why banks are adopting blockchain

"Public blockchains are just really easy to audit... One of the biggest problems is proof of absence. Public blockchains are trivial to audit."

Debunking XRP MythsFeatured

"It's great if they're bought in on 'this is an amazing technology that's going to change the world,' but they don't have to be bought in on that to adopt it."

Decrypt2025

"Their profit margins are razor thin. When you tokenize things like money market funds, your revenue slice is minuscule. So if you can be just the tiniest bit more efficient, that's a massive competitive advantage."

Decrypt2025

"I don't think there's a tension between institutional adoption and decentralization. Institutions are interested in layer 1 blockchains because of their decentralization, because of their neutrality."

Onchain Economy2024

Stablecoins & RLUSD

Bridging institutions and retail

"A stablecoin, I think of it as a bridge from the institutional world to the retail world."

Debunking XRP MythsFeatured

"If RLUSD really does well, we'll have an asset whose value comes exclusively from its utility. Unlike XRP which gets value from speculation and utility, RLUSD has no value from speculation."

Apex 20242024

XRP as Bridge Asset

Neutral bridge currency function

"To move money from Mexican pesos to Indian rupees, you need to find someone who has Indian rupees and wants Mexican pesos. With a digital asset, I don't need you to want Mexican pesos."

International Payments PlatformFeatured

"If you wanted to build an optimal global settlement platform in the cryptocurrency space and you could design the perfect platform, it would look like the XRP ledger."

Decrypt2025

Mass Adoption

What will drive mainstream adoption

"We probably need something like a killer app where people are using it and they have no idea they're using it. I want people using XRP payments without knowing they're using XRP payments."

Looking AheadFeatured

"The big advantage of the cryptocurrency space is that we can actually experiment. We're not trying to get Congress to pass a law. If we have an idea, we can build it and we can try it."

Decrypt2025

Compliance Features

Building compliance in

"A thorn in my side and a thorn in the side of Ripple for a long time has been the fact that we can't use the XRP ledger DEX for our own payments products. It's endlessly frustrating."

Looking AheadFeatured

"Permission domains is probably the most exciting thing I've worked on in the past couple of years. If you're compliant, you stay inside the compliant portion of the ledger."

Apex 20242024

Technical Architecture

How the ledger works

"When a transaction finishes executing, it makes a recipe of the changes it's going to make. There's a line of code that literally says you can't create XRP."

Core Dev Boot Camp AMAFeatured

"Every transaction has to touch something. Even if your transaction doesn't interact with my transaction at all, they both have to touch the fee."

Boot Camp2024

Smart Contracts

Why not on layer one

"If a smart contract is on a layer one, it can only interact with that layer one—which is a huge limitation."

Core Dev Boot Camp AMAFeatured

"We were always of the opinion that really complicated smart contracts should be on layer 2 because it's very hard to write complex things with no bugs."

Decrypt2025

XRPL History

Origin story and early days

"XRP was literally worthless at that time. Literally. It had literally zero value. There was no market for it."

Debunking XRP MythsFeatured

"Vitalik was couch surfing in Stefan Thomas's living room. We tried to hire Vitalik but we couldn't for a hilarious reason."

Boot Camp2024

"If you look at the early GitHub repository, Arthur and I committed multiple times a day and we were basically using GitHub like email."

Boot Camp2024

Payments Revolution

Transforming global payments

"The problem with the existing cross-border payment system is that the plumbing is bad."

International Payments PlatformFeatured

Micropayments

The future of tiny payments

"My prediction is that micropayments are going to destroy payments the way packet data destroyed every other kind of data."

Distinguished Blockchain SeminarFeatured

"TCP, UDP and IP are stuck in the past and that's great. The middle is dumb. Interledger is that dumb stable middle for money."

CMU CyLab~2019

DeFi Future

Reshaping traditional finance

"I do think that DeFi broadly speaking is going to take a huge bite out of TradFi over the next couple of years."

Why Institutional DeFiFeatured

"The biggest thing that I'm excited about right now is tokenized lending. DeFi lending today is overcollateralized."

Decrypt2025

Price & Markets

Honest takes on markets

"It's very hard to understand the price and I think anybody who tells you that they think they know what's going on is probably lying."

Blockchain Beyond the HypeFeatured

"If it was a good day for Bitcoin it's probably a good day for Ethereum, probably a good day for XRP."

SXSW 20192019

"There doesn't seem to be any connection between the price of XRP and the success of Ripple, which is kind of a strange thing."

SXSW 20192019

Regulatory Issues

Navigating uncertainty

"The biggest drag on cryptocurrency projects today is regulatory uncertainty—by which I mean not laws that are bad but laws that we don't know what they are."

Blockchain Beyond the HypeFeatured

"The SEC has largely been doing regulation by enforcement."

CB Insights~2019

Design Regrets

What he'd do differently

"Probably the biggest regret is the issue with partial payments."

Core Dev Boot Camp AMAFeatured

"I'm a C++ programmer. If I'm the first programmer you hire, you're going to get a C++ result. If we had it to do over today, we probably would have chosen Rust."

Boot Camp2024

"I underweighted the importance of doing something that's standard, well-known and well understood versus microscopically optimizing something for your exact use case."

Boot Camp2024

Scaling

Handling more transactions

"Every blockchain today replicates every piece of data to every node. We don't know how to do horizontal scaling for blockchain yet."

Blockchain Beyond the HypeFeatured

"You can imagine having thousands of ledgers that together we think of as the XRP ledger."

Apex 20242024

Philosophy & Vision

The bigger picture

"These systems are completely open. XRP is available to anybody. You don't need to agree with anybody to use it or hold it."

International Payments PlatformFeatured

"We need an internet of value. We need a shipping container of money. We need a TCP/IP of assets."

CMU CyLab~2019

"When you have a digital asset, it's universal in the sense that wherever it is, it can get anyplace."

CMU CyLab~2019

Sources

Go Deeper

Explore David Schwartz's full profile, his technical contributions to the XRP Ledger, and the technology he helped create.

View Full Profile